In two separate rulings, judges have questioned the evidence that data from American users is being accessed by the Chinese government imperiling U.S. national security that prompted the extraordinary orders by the U.S. Commerce Department. U.S. District Judge Carl Nichols, who issued an order late Sunday blocking the TikTok download ban that was set for 11:59 p.m. Sunday, questioned the government’s evidence. ADVERTISEMENT “The government has provided ample evidence that China presents a significant national security threat, although the specific evidence of the threat posed by (TikTok), as well as whether the prohibitions are the only effective way to address that threat, remains less substantial,” Nichols wrote in an opinion released Monday. In the WeChat case, Judge Laurel Beeler in California wrote that “on this record — while the government has established that China’s activities raise significant national security concerns — it has put in scant little evidence that its effective ban of WeChat for all U.S. users addresses those concerns.” RELATED COVERAGE How a temporary U.S. ban could destroy TikTok Beeler set a Oct. 15 hearing on the Justice Department’s request she reconsider her ruling and allow the WeChat order to take immediate effect. TikTok owner ByteDance and WeChat owner Tencent Holdings 0700.HK have denied the apps are used for spying on Americans. ADVERTISEMENT Nichols, a Trump appointee, anticipated further legal filings by both the government and TikTok before a final decision on whether to block other restrictions set for Nov. 12. Nichols also rejected the Justice Department’s effort to invoke the Espionage Act, which authorizes life imprisonment or the death penalty for those who share U.S. defense secrets. “It is not plausible that the films, photos, art, or even personal information U.S. users share on TikTok fall within the plain meaning of the Espionage Act,” Nichols wrote. Reporting by David Shepardson; Editing by Nick Zieminski