The present report is submitted to the Human Rights Council pursuant to Council resolutions 32/2, 41/18 and 50/10. The Independent Expert on protection against violence and discrimination based on sexual orientation and gender identity, Victor Madrigal-Borloz, examines the intersection between freedom of thought, conscience and religion or belief and protection from violence and discrimination based on sexual orientation and gender identity. Annex 1 describes activities that took place since June 2022.