Turkish president Recep Tayyip Erdoğan urged Palestinians to unite amid Israel’s war in Gaza following hours-long talks with Hamas chief Ismail Haniyeh in Istanbul on Saturday, his office said. Erdoğan has failed to establish a foothold as a mediator in the Gaza conflict that has roiled the region, with the Hamas-run Palestinian territory bracing for a new Israeli offensive and a reported Israeli attack on Iran. Erdoğan said Palestinian unity was “vital” following the talks at the Dolmabahçe palace, which Turkish media reports said lasted more than two and a half hours. “The strongest response to Israel and the path to victory lie in unity and integrity,” Erdoğan said, according to a Turkish presidency statement. Hamas – designated a terrorist organisation by the United States, the European Union and Israel – is a rival of the Fatah faction that rules the semi-autonomous Palestinian Authority in the occupied West Bank. As fears of a wider regional war grow, Erdoğan said recent events between Iran and Israel should not allow Israel to “gain ground and that it is important to act in a way that keeps attention on Gaza”. Israeli foreign minister Israel Katz condemned the meeting, writing on X: “Muslim Brotherhood alliance: rape, murder, desecration of corpses and the burning of babies. Erdogan, shame on you!” Hamas was founded by members of the Muslim Brotherhood in 1987. In response, Turkish foreign ministry spokesperson Öncü Keçeli wrote on X: “It is the Israeli authorities who should be ashamed. They have massacred nearly 35,000 Palestinians, most of them women and children.” With Qatar saying it will reassess its role as a mediator between Hamas and Israel, Erdoğan sent foreign minister Hakan Fidan to Doha on Wednesday in a new sign that he wants a role. “I will continue as long as God gives me my life, to defend the Palestinian struggle and to be the voice of the oppressed Palestinian people,” the president said on Wednesday when he announced Haniyeh’s visit. Hamas has had an office in Turkey since 2011, when Turkey helped secure the agreement for the group to free Israeli soldier Gilad Shalit. Erdoğan has maintained links with Haniyeh, who has been a frequent visitor. Fidan was a past head of Turkish intelligence and the country provided information and passports to Hamas officials, including Haniyeh, according to Sinan Ciddi, a Turkey specialist at the Foundation for Defense of Democracies in Washington. This has never been confirmed by Turkish authorities, however. If Qatar withdraws from mediation efforts, Turkey could seek to increase its profile based on its Hamas links. Fidan held talks with visiting Egyptian foreign minister Sameh Shoukry on Saturday, with both men emphasising the need to deliver more humanitarian aid to Gaza where the threat of famine looms. Erdoğan also met with Shoukry late on Saturday, the Turkish presidency said in a statement, where he said it was “essential for Islamic countries to work together” to “prevent the entire region from falling into a spiral of conflict”. Turkey is one of Gaza’s main humanitarian aid partners, sending 45,000 tonnes of supplies and medicine to the region. Israel has said it is preparing an offensive against the Gazan city of Rafah and the reported Israeli attack on the historic Iranian city of Isfahan, following Iran’s direct attack on Israel, has only clouded hopes of a peace breakthrough. But Erdoğan can only expect a “very limited” role because of his outspoken condemnation of Israel and its actions in Gaza, according to Ciddi. Last year, the Turkish leader likened the tactics of Israeli prime minister Benjamin Netanyahu to those of Nazi leader Adolf Hitler and called Israel a “terrorist state” because of its offensive against Hamas after the militant group’s 7 October attacks on Israel. Ciddi said Erdoğan would not be welcome in Israel and at most might be able to pass messages between Palestinian and Israel negotiators. The unprecedented Hamas attacks that sparked the Gaza war resulted in the deaths of 1,170 people in southern Israel, mostly civilians, according to an AFP tally of Israeli official figures. Militants also took about 250 hostages. Israel estimates 129 remain in Gaza, including 34 who are presumed dead. Israel’s retaliatory offensive has killed 34,049 people in Gaza, mostly women and children, according to the Hamas-run territory’s health ministry.