Independent pay review bodies representing teachers and NHS workers have reportedly recommended above-inflation pay rises that could require the government to raise up to £10bn, a leading economist has said. The bodies are going to recommend a 5.5% rise for the 514,000 teachers and about 1.3 million NHS staff they represent, according to the Times, well above the figure the government is thought to have been preparing for. Such a move would present an early challenge to Rachel Reeves’s fiscally rule-bound treasury. Paul Johnson, the director of the Institute for Fiscal Studies, said he was “not terribly surprised” by the figure, which would be in line with pay rises across the economy, and would cost an extra £3bn for schools and the NHS alone. He told the BBC’s Today programme: “In terms of the cost, there isn’t a specific number that is budgeted for schools, it’s probably 1% or 2%, it’s certainly nothing like 5.5%. ”So we’d certainly be looking at at least an additional £1bn on schools’ costs relative to what they’re currently expecting, and a number at least double that across the NHS if the proposals for the NHS are similar, which it appears that they might be.” Johnson added that, if the 5.5% figure were replicated across the public sector, it could mean the government needs to find an extra £10bn. A higher-than-expected pay rise could pose a significant challenge for Reeves’s first budget, likely to come in the autumn, after she promised to control borrowing and ruled out tax rises during the election campaign. Schools and hospitals are unlikely to be able to meet a 5.5% pay rise from their existing budgets without making cuts elsewhere. Asked where the money could come from, Johnson said: “The answer is the same as the answer always is when asked: where can the money come from? “It can only come from higher borrowing than they’re planning, higher taxes than they’re planning or cuts in spending elsewhere. There is no fourth option here.” Failing to meet the recommendations of the pay review bodies, expected to be published this month, would set up a clash with trade unions representing the 6 million public sector workers. Daniel Kebede, the general secretary of the National Education Union, warned that ignoring the recommendations of pay-review bodies could result in strike action. Noting that the new education secretary, Bridget Phillipson, had “worked really hard” to improve relations with the teaching profession, he said: “It would be highly problematic for the Treasury to then intervene and then not implement a 5.5% pay award. “We absolutely would want to avoid strike action, but that would almost seem inevitable if the Treasury were to make such an intervention.” A government spokesperson told the Times: “We value the vital contribution the almost 6 million public sector workers make to our country. “The pay review process is ongoing, and no final decisions have been made. We will update in due course; however, we are under no illusions about the scale of the fiscal inheritance we face.”